Water and wastewater management in a sugar process. The first meeting of the session of the newcomen society was held on october 8. Process of sugar production from sugarcane sugar factory. Boiling the evaporation of moisture from the juice at temperatures of between 90 and 116. This thermal organization does not require steam and can be combined either with multiple effect organization or several recompression stations. Multipleeffect evaporator clarified juice passed through heat exchangers to preheat, arrives evaporation station steam from steam boilers. Industrial technologies for evaporation, concentration and. According to production manager glenn pope, the phe has met all expectations in terms of heat transfer. The milk of lime, calcium hydroxide or caoh 2, is metered into the juice to hold the required ratio and the limed juice enters a gravitational settling tank. Evaporation can occur only when water is available.
Since cane consists of about 7075% water, cane sugar mill processes more water than sugar. Increasing the capacity in sugar production does not only radically change the energy balance of a factory, but also in fluences the quality of the product. The centrifugation leaves behind a thick syruplike product molasses. As evaporating and heating are linked, the aim of heat integration in the sugar production process is different. A simplified process flow diagram for a typical cane sugar production plant is shown. In australia the sugar miller is mostly responsible for transport of sugarcane. At one plant under study the evaporator station forms an important link between the juice production and crystallization parts of the sugar production plant. Cane sugar is refined either at the same location where it was produced as part of an integrated facility or at separate raw sugar refineries. Evaporation melter raw sugar bioethanol production crystallizer c mass a b molasses b c a molasses a mass b mass ab sugar c sugar disintegrated cane cane juices vapor pans final molasses pan feed 1 2 3 3 1 cane reception sugar cane analysis for quality and payment purposes can be performed directly in the truck unloading area. Design of evaporation systems and heaters networks in. Sugar cane is in the same family as grass, and grows in the form of tall, narrow stalks, or canes. Sugar production is done basically by several steps. Australian mills operate over 4,000km of narrowgauge railway and almost 95% of the cane crop is transported to sugar mills using railways. Synthesis and parameter optimization of a combined sugar.
To design and implement a reliable sugar evaporation. M30 heat exchanger boosts evaporation capacity at australian. All the water entering a mill must also leave it in one form or another. Design of evaporation systems and heaters networks in sugar. Scheme of a sugar factory with the cogeneration system.
It is used to raise the concentration of sugar cane juice from a nominal value. How cane sugar is made evaporation the mixed juice from extraction is preheated prior to liming so that the clarification is optimal. Pdf psugar cane production in brazil is one of the most competitive segments of the national. Evaporation crystallizer white sugar refined sugar cooling and drying drums silo biological water treatment molasses inspection, bagging, packaging, loading multistage evaporation station turbo generator steamboiler thick juice filter 3. The evaporators used in sugar industries have multiple effects connected in series. Production of sugar contains a number of unit operations, out of which the most energy consuming one is the evaporation process. For the 2014 season, sugar production is estimated at 2. Production of sugar from sugar cane route has been an age of old practice and the technology has been fairly stabilize d in india for quite some time. This is mainly achieved through a substantial cane railway network and rolling stock. A multiplestage evaporator system is used in sugar. Sugar is hygroscopic, meaning it can absorb water from the atmosphere, and this can stall evaporation. No detail of concentration between individual vessels. Process of sugar production raw material for sugar production sugar cane and sugar beet sugar cane and its culitivation sugarcane plants are a genus of tall tropically growing perennial grasses from the family poaceae.
Steam demand of the process occurs mainly into the evaporation station that consumes the largest. M30 heat exchanger boosts evaporation capacity at australian sugar mill. This process generally used for clarification of sugar cane juice in planitation white sugar manufacturing industry. The sugar industry is a major water user and wastewater producer. Sugar cane production in brazil is one of the most competitive segments of the national economy, producing sugar and ethanol for internal and external markets. Pdf design of evaporation systems and heaters networks in. The evolution of evaporator stations in the beetsugar.
Pdf the production of raw sugar from either sugarcane or sugar beet juice is an energy intensive process. Sugar production from cane sugar connecting countries to. Evaporation in relation to vapor pressure difference between air and water surface at a wind speed of 16 mi les per hour. As the pressure in the evaporators is regulated, so that. The evaporation of huge quantity of water from sugar cane juice in. Table 1 the production of sugar in south africa marketing years area planted ha area. Following the increase of the sugar content by water evaporation, sugar starts to crystallise, while the graining pan content is still being heated and unified drawin is being added, until the graining pan is full of the mixture of juice and sugar crystals.
The sugar production is done basically by several steps. Evaporation as far as material balance computations are concerned, the only requirement in the evaporation station is that the brix of the juice is increased to that of syrup, the amount of evaporation to achieve this being computed. According to production manager glenn pope, the phe has met all expectations in terms of heat transfer performance and troublefree operation. Sugar beet sampling and washing already precleaned while it was being loaded ready for transport, the next station for the sugar beet on arrival at the factory is sample taking. Evaporation in relation to \vind speed and salt con. Usually, the evaporator station comprises 4 to 5 evaporator stages, of which the first ones consist of multiple evaporators. The evaporator station in raw sugar manufacture typically produces a. The sugar factory can clean up the juice quite easily with slaked lime a relative of chalk which settles out a lot of the dirt so that it can be sent back to the fields. Sugar production from sugar cane the basic process sugar cane must be crushed to extract the juice. Modeled evaporation from lake whatcom in 20092010 about 20 inches total on a sunny summer day, the lake evaporates about. Juice sulphitation is the process of purification of cane juice by employing lime and sulphur dioxide gas. The unreliability of the manual evaporation process control in sugar refining.
After installing three new thin film units, the evaporator scheme is similar to that shown in fig. In the 201112 season, south africa produced its lowest sugar crop in the past 15 years at 1. Increasing the capacity in sugar production does not only radically change the energy balance of a factory, but also in. Francisco, production manager for sugar extraction. Evaporation and crystallization technologies are commonly used in food and fermentation industries to concentrate the feed or recover targeted products. The juice travels through the clarifier at a very low superficial velocity so that the.
Methods of juice defecation process in sugar industry. Molasses is used in the production of animal feed and as a raw material in the production of yeast and alcohol. Novasep has acquired recognized expertise in providing evaporation and crystallization solutions with a strong focus on. The minimum of energy demand is reached if the two functions of the evaporation station are fulfilled without surplus exhaust vapor, that is, there is no need for a vapor flow to the condenser. The production of liquid sugars in central units is for the sugar industry an opportunity to better serve the various endusers of the food industry. At a certain concentration, sugar crystals begin to form. This project is mainly based on the sugar refining evaporation process. Juice purification and evaporation the non sugar substances in the raw juice. Therefore, sugar mill was be able to crush about only 10. Evaporation can be defined as the process where liquid water is transformed into a gaseous state. Gea phe systems therefore offers you a stateoftheart and carefully. Sugar production is done basically in several steps. Table 1 illustrates the production of sugar in south africa for the 201112 season actual, the 2012 season estimate and the 2014 season forecast. Sugar beet samples are taken from every load to analyse the quality in the factory.
Throughout the world the demand for sugar is increasing, allied to this, production costs are also escalating. The evaporator station forms an important link between the juice production and crystallization steps of the sugar production plant. This is the reason innovative engineering solutions are required in this market. Being intended originally for use in a postgraduate university course, the book assumes a knowledge of elementary chemical engineering as well as adequate knowledge of chemistry.
Brooks dealing with the development of evaporation in. Stages of white crystal sugar production process in ngadirejo and mauritius sugar mill is similar that is through several stages including the process of milling, refining, evaporation, cooking and crystallization. Introduction water is transported from the surface of the earth into the atmosphere by two distinct mechanisms. Optimization of evaporation process in sugar industry for. Evaporation from brine solutions under controlled laboratory. Juice defecation meaning the defecation process generally used in the clarification process of raw sugar, organic sugar manufacturing industry the defecation process simple defined as a neutralize the raw juice after extraction of the juice from sugar cane by milling or diffuser technology by milk of limemol in defecation process used food grade phosphoric acidas per requirement. Juice purification and evaporation the nonsugar substances in the raw juice. To design and implement a reliable sugar evaporation control. Evaporation of the water content to thicken the purified thin juice with approx. Following the increase of the sugar content by water evaporation, sugar starts to crystallise, while the graining pan content is still being heated and unified draw in is being added, until the graining pan is full of the mixture of juice and sugar crystals. The evolution of evaporator stations in the beet sugar industry. The juice is collected, filtered and sometimes treated and then boiled to drive off the excess water. Productivity to produce the right amount at the right quality. Introduction to cane sugar technology provides a concise introduction to sugar technology.
Evaporation in relation to vapor pressure difference between air and water surface at a wind speed of 10 miles per hour. Pdf design of evaporation systems and heaters networks. World sugar production is expected to increase by 50 mt to reach over 209 mt in 202021. The evaporation station in sugar factory is a link between the initial process phase, characterized by low juice concentration, and crystallization of sugar from high concentration sugar syrups. The crushing process must break up the hard nodes of the cane and flatten the stems. Nebrad adepartment of mechanical engineering, university of padova, via venezia 1, 351, padova, italy b leni industrial energy systems laboratory, epfl, bat. Juice sulphitation process methods of sugar cane juice. Juice production lime kiln cosette mixer liming carbonation filtering filter thickener. Instrumentation and automation will to a great extent bring down the manual errors. Less energy is required to evaporate water than sugar water when the conditions are constant e. Sugar production from sugar cane practical action 5 are located in wooden, steel or cast iron frames. M30 heat exchanger boosts evaporation capacity at australian sugar mill in 1992 mulgrave central mill installed an alfa laval m30 plate heat exchanger phe as a clarified juice heater to increase evaporator station capacity. In the sugar factory krasnystaw, poland, a fourstage evaporator station comprising six naturalcirculation units was extended to fiveandahalf stages with preevaporation.
Sugar crops in many parts of the world are projected to expand in response to rising demand for sugar and other uses and relatively high market prices. In the chosen example, the fuel consumption of the sugar factory amounts to 204kwht beet for sugar production and 98 kwht beet for pulp drying, which gives a total of 302 kwht beet. Energy and the environment in beet sugar production. Juice defecation meaning the defecation process generally used in the clarification process of raw sugar, organic sugar manufacturing industry the defecation process simple defined as a neutralize the raw juice after extraction of the juice from sugar cane by milling or diffuser technology by milk of limemol.
This mixture is called the massecuite, which is a mixture of sugar and syrup. If this sugar is now dissolved and allowed to crystallise again, a particularly pure and highquality sugar is formed refined sugar. However, from the season 20172018 onwards, sugar mill will be able to. Brix is the sugar technologists measure of the concentration of dissolved solids in solution. The bulk of the additional sugar production will come from the developing countries and. The evolution of evaporator stations in the beetsugar industry.